some examples about architectural innovation

Architectural innovation involves the redesign of the underlying structure or framework of a product, system, or process, often leading to fundamental changes in functionality, efficiency, or user experience. Here are some examples:

1. Modular Smartphones: Devices like Project Ara by Google aimed to develop smartphones where components such as the processor, display, and camera could be easily upgraded or replaced.

2. Plug-and-Play Appliances: Innovations in home appliances that allow them to be easily integrated into smart home ecosystems, enabling seamless communication and control through a central platform.

3. Open Architecture Software: The development of software systems that can easily integrate with other systems or accept third-party modules, such as open source platforms.

4. Evolutionary Vehicle Platforms: Car manufacturers use modular platforms that underpin multiple models, allowing for shared components and economies of scale, as seen with the Volkswagen Group's MQB platform.

5. Microservices Architecture: In software development, moving from a monolithic architecture to microservices allows for greater scalability and flexibility, as each microservice can be developed, deployed, and scaled independently.

6. Service-Oriented Architecture (SOA): This approach to building systems allows different applications to communicate and share data with one another more easily, promoting interoperability.

7. Cloud Computing Architectures: The shift to cloud-based systems has revolutionized how computing resources are accessed and managed, providing flexibility and reducing infrastructure costs.

8. Integrated Circuit (IC) Design: Advances in IC design, such as 3D IC stacking, allow more components to be packed into a smaller space, leading to more powerful and efficient chips.

9. Energy-Efficient Building Designs: New architectural designs for buildings that incorporate solar panels, green roofs, and energy-efficient materials to reduce environmental impact.

10. Flexible Workspaces: Office designs that promote collaboration, include modular furniture, and provide a variety of workspace types to suit different work styles.

11. Electric Powertrains: The integration of electric motors, batteries, and control systems into vehicles represents a significant architectural shift from traditional internal combustion engines.

12. 3D Printed Houses: Using 3D printing technology