in ancient rome the number four in roman numerals is usually written as IIII instead of IV

In ancient Rome, the Roman numeral system did not include zero, and a different set of symbols was used to represent numbers. Contrary to modern misconceptions, the "IV" symbolization for the number 4 was indeed used in ancient times. Here's some clarification on this topic:

1. Existence of IV: The symbol "IV" for the number 4 is well-attested in ancient Roman inscriptions, artifacts, and texts. It was not uncommon to see "IV" used in place of "IIII."

2. Mathematical Documents: In mathematical texts and tables, "IV" was frequently used for 4. For example, the famous "Geminus" astronomical tables from the 1st century BCE use "IV" extensively.

3. Monetary Systems: In Roman coinage, the numbering system used for denarii (coins) also employed "IV" for 4. This is evident in historical records and surviving artifacts.

4. Inscriptions: Many ancient inscriptions use "IV" for 4. For instance, the Column of Antoninus Pius, erected in 161 CE, uses "IV" in various inscriptions.

5. Variation in Usage: While "IIII" was also used, especially for counts or tallies where each individual unit needed to be clearly visible, "IV" was often preferred for its simplicity and elegance.

6. Cultural Factors: The preference for "IV" over "IIII" can be attributed to a desire for efficiency and elegance in written communication. Just like in modern times, ancient Romans aimed for brevity and clarity.

7. Evolution: The Roman numeral system evolved over time, with some variations in usage depending on context and geographic region. However, "IV" was firmly established as a valid representation of 4 in ancient times.

In summary, contrary to popular belief, the use of "IV" for the number 4 was common in ancient Rome and well-documented in various sources such as inscriptions, artifacts, and texts. Both "IV" and "IIII" were used depending on context, but "IV" was a recognized and accepted representation of the number 4.