写一篇关于印度污染的外刊精读文章，并提出问题（问题有ABCD选项），给出文章翻译及问题答案

Title: Tackling Pollution in India: An Urgent Endeavor

India, a nation known for its rich cultural heritage and rapid economic growth, is currently facing a formidable environmental challenge—pollution. The country's urban areas are among the most polluted in the world, with air quality indices frequently surpassing safe limits. This environmental crisis poses a significant threat to public health and the sustainability of the nation's development.

Air pollution in India is primarily attributed to industrial emissions, vehicular exhaust, construction activities, and crop residue burning. Delhi, the national capital, experiences severe smog during winters, largely due to the latter. Water pollution is another area of concern, with many rivers and lakes suffering from contamination by industrial effluents and untreated sewage.

The health implications of pollution are alarming. Studies have linked poor air quality to increased rates of respiratory diseases, cardiovascular problems, and premature mortality. Children and the elderly are particularly vulnerable to these effects. Moreover, polluted water sources contribute to the spread of waterborne diseases, further undermining the health of the population.

The Indian government has taken several steps to combat pollution. These include the implementation of policies like the National Clean Air Programme (NCAP) aimed at reducing pollution levels by 20-30% over the next few years. The government has also promoted the use of electric vehicles (EVs) to reduce emissions from the transportation sector and has initiated afforestation drives to increase green cover, which can act as natural filters for air pollutants.

However, despite these efforts, the battle against pollution is far from won. There is a need for more stringent enforcement of environmental regulations and greater public awareness about the issues and solutions related to pollution. The role of individuals, communities, and industries in reducing pollution is crucial. Simple measures such as using public transportation, recycling waste, and adopting energy-efficient practices can make a significant difference.

In conclusion, tackling pollution is an urgent endeavor for India. It requires a multifaceted approach that includes policy interventions, technological innovations, and behavioral changes. Only through collective action can India hope to reverse the trend of pollution and secure a healthier environment for its citizens.

中文翻译：

标题：应对印度污染：一个紧迫的任务

印度，一个以丰富文化遗产和快速经济增长而闻名的国家，目前正面临一个巨大的环境挑战——污染。该国的城市地区是世界上最受污染的地区之一，空气质量指数经常超出安全限制。这场环境危机对公共卫生和国家发展的可持续性构成了重大威胁。

印度的空气污染主要归因于工业排放、车辆尾气、建筑活动和农作物残余物焚烧。德里，这个国家首都，在冬季经历了严重的烟雾，很大程度上是由于后者。水污染是另一个令人关注的问题，许多河流和湖泊因工业废水和未经处理的污水而受到污染。

污染对健康的影响令人震惊。研究将糟糕的空气质量与呼吸系统疾病、心血管疾病和过早死亡的增加率联系起来。儿童和老年人尤其容易受到这些影响。此外，受污染的水源助长了水源性疾病的传播，进一步破坏了人口的健康。

印度政府已经采取了多项措施来抗击污染。这些措施包括实施政策，如旨在未来几年内将污染水平减少20-30%的国家清洁空气计划（NCAP）。政府还推广使用电动汽车（EV）以减少交通部门的排放，并启动了植树造林活动以增加绿化覆盖，这可以作为空气污染物的天然过滤器。

然而，尽管付出了这些努力，对抗污染的战斗还远远没有赢得胜利。需要更严格地执行环境法规，并提高公众对污染问题及其解决方案的认识。个人、社区和工业在减少污染方面的作用至关重要。使用公共交通工具、回收废物和采用节能做法等简单措施可以带来显著的变化。

总之，应对污染是印度的一个紧迫任务。它需要一个多方面的方法，包括政策干预、技术创新和行为改变。只有通过集体行动，印度才能希望扭转污染的趋势，并为其公民确保一个更健康的环境。

Questions:

1. What is the primary cause of air pollution in India? A. Industrial emissions and vehicular exhaust B. Deforestation C. Crop residue burning and construction activities D. All of the above

2. Which of the following is NOT a health implication mentioned in the article? A. Respiratory diseases B. Cardiovascular problems C. Mental health improvements D. Premature mortality

3. What is one of the steps taken by the Indian government to combat pollution? A. Implementation of the National Clean Air Programme B. Promotion of electric vehicles C. Initiation of afforestation drives D. All of the above

4. What role does the article suggest for individuals in reducing pollution? A. Using public transportation B. Recycling waste C. Adopting energy-efficient practices D. All of the above

5. What is the main message of the article regarding pollution in India? A. Pollution is a minor issue that can be ignored. B. Pollution is