写一篇关于印度污染的外刊精读文章，并提出问题（问题有ABCD选项），给出文章翻译及答案

Title: The Growing Menace of Pollution in India

India, a nation of over 1.3 billion people, is grappling with an environmental crisis as pollution levels continue to soar across the country. From the bustling streets of Delhi to the industrial hubs of Mumbai and Kolkata, air pollution has become a significant public health concern. The World Health Organization (WHO) has classified many Indian cities among the most polluted globally.

The primary contributors to this pollution crisis are vehicular emissions, industrial waste, and agricultural burning. With the rapid urbanization and economic growth, the number of vehicles on Indian roads has surged, leading to alarming levels of particulate matter and other harmful pollutants in the air. Industries, particularly those in the manufacturing and power sectors, emit large quantities of toxic gases without adequate emission controls. Furthermore, the practice of open burning of crop residues after harvest contributes significantly to the smog that engulfs many northern Indian states during certain times of the year.

Water pollution is another pressing issue in India. Untreated sewage, industrial effluents, and the indiscriminate disposal of solid waste have caused severe contamination of rivers, lakes, and groundwater. The Ganga, a sacred river to millions of Hindus, is now infamous for its high levels of toxic pollutants, posing a serious threat to both aquatic life and human health.

The effects of pollution on public health are profound. Respiratory illnesses, heart diseases, and cancers have become more prevalent, placing a considerable burden on the healthcare system. The economic impact is also substantial, with increased healthcare costs and loss of productivity due to sickness.

While the Indian government has implemented policies to combat pollution, such as promoting cleaner fuels, enforcing emission standards, and launching afforestation drives, the scale of the problem often outpaces these efforts. The need for a comprehensive and sustained approach involving government, industry, and civil society is imperative. Public awareness campaigns, stricter regulations, and investment in green technologies are some of the measures that can help mitigate the pollution crisis in India.

In conclusion, pollution in India is a complex challenge that requires immediate and collective action. It is crucial for the nation to prioritize environmental sustainability in its path to development to ensure a healthy and prosperous future for its citizens.

中文翻译： 标题：印度污染日益增长的威胁

拥有超过13亿人口的印度，正面临一场环境危机，全国各地的污染水平不断攀升。从繁忙的德里街道到孟买和加尔各答的工业中心，空气污染已成为一个重要的公共卫生问题。世界卫生组织（WHO）将许多印度城市列为全球污染最严重的城市之一。

造成这场污染危机的主要因素是车辆排放、工业废物和农业焚烧。随着快速的城市化和经济增长，印度道路上的车辆数量激增，导致空气中的颗粒物和其他有害污染物达到令人震惊的水平。特别是制造业和电力行业的工业排放大量有毒气体，而没有足够排放控制。此外，收获后农作物残余物的露天焚烧做法，在一年中的某些时候，显著地加剧了笼罩在印度北部许多州的烟雾。

水污染是印度面临的另一个紧迫问题。未经处理的污水、工业废水和固体废物的随意处置，已导致河流、湖泊和地下水受到严重污染。恒河，数百万印度教徒的神圣河流，现在因其高水平的有毒污染物而臭名昭著，对水生生物和人类健康构成严重威胁。

污染对公共卫生的影响深远。呼吸道疾病、心脏病和癌症变得更加普遍，给医疗系统带来相当大的负担。经济影响也是巨大的，由于疾病导致的医疗成本增加和生产力损失。

虽然印度政府已经实施了抗击污染的政策，如推广清洁燃料、执行排放标准和启动植树活动，但问题的规模往往超过了这些努力。需要政府、工业和民间社会的全面和持续方法，这是迫切需要的。公众意识提升活动、更严格的法规和绿色技术投资是一些可以帮助缓解印度污染危机的措施。

总之，印度的污染是一个复杂的挑战，需要立即和集体行动。对国家来说，优先考虑环境可持续性在其发展的道路上，以确保其公民有一个健康和繁荣的未来至关重要。

Questions:

1. Which of the following is NOT a primary contributor to pollution in India? A. Vehicular emissions B. Industrial waste C. Agricultural burning D. Forest fires

2. What has the WHO classified many Indian cities as? A. Economic powerhouses B. Cultural capitals C. Most polluted globally D. Technology hubs

3. Which of the following is a significant effect of pollution on public health in India? A. Improved cardiovascular health B. Increased cases of respiratory illnesses C. Decreased prevalence of cancers D. Enhanced cognitive function

4. What type of approach is needed to address the pollution crisis in India according to the article? A. Government-led only B. Industry-led only C. A comprehensive approach involving multiple stakeholders D. Civil society-led only

5. What is one of the measures