Yes, it is harmful to axolotls to live without water for too long. Here are several reasons why:
Dehydration: Axolotls need a moist environment to keep their skin hydrated. Dry conditions can lead to dehydration, causing their skin to dry out and crack, which can be painful and may lead to infection.
Respiratory issues: Their gills are adapted to extracting oxygen from water. Without water, they struggle to breathe efficiently, which can lead to respiratory distress or failure.
Temperature regulation: Axolotls rely on water to help regulate their body temperature. Being out of water exposes them to temperature fluctuations that can be harmful or even fatal.
Mobility: In water, axolotls can move more easily due to buoyancy. On land, their bodies are heavier and less mobile, which can cause physical stress and injuries.
Nutrition: Axolotls are adapted to eat small aquatic organisms. Without water, they cannot access their natural food sources, leading to malnutrition.
Increased vulnerability: Out of water, axolotls are more exposed to predators, which can pose a significant risk to their safety.
Stress: Being in an unfamiliar or uncomfortable environment can cause stress, which can weaken their immune system and make them more susceptible to illness.
To ensure the health and well-being of axolotls, it's crucial to provide them with a suitable aquatic environment that meets their specific needs. This includes clean water, appropriate temperature, humidity, and access to proper nutrition.