用英语说明手机屏幕主要使用了何种材料，并解释和讨论为什么会使用这种材料，基于其特定的属性

Smartphone screens predominantly utilize two main types of materials for their displays: Liquid Crystal Displays (LCDs) and Organic Light Emitting Diodes (OLEDs).

Liquid Crystal Displays (LCD)

LCD technology is widespread due to its affordability and the mature production process. Here’s why LCDs are used:

1. Cost-Effectiveness: LCD panels are less expensive to manufacture compared to some other technologies, which makes smartphones more accessible to a broad customer base.

2. Backlighting: LCD modules use a backlight to illuminate the pixels, allowing the screen to display deep blacks and bright whites effectively. This also contributes to their lower power consumption when displaying dark images or when using ambient light sensors to reduce brightness.

3. Color Reproduction: Modern LCDs have improved color reproduction capabilities, which are good enough for most applications.

Organic Light Emitting Diodes (OLED)

OLEDs are widely used in high-end phones and are favored for certain specific properties:

1. Superior Contrast Ratio: OLED technology can achieve infinite contrast ratios as each pixel emits its own light and can be turned off entirely for true black visuals.

2. Power Efficiency: OLEDs consume less power than LCDs when displaying dark images since black pixels require no backlighting.

3. Flexible and Thin Form Factors: OLEDs are much more flexible and can be made into thinner displays, contributing to slimmer designs and enabling new form factors including curved screens.

4. Fast Refresh Rates: OLEDs have faster refresh rates, which is beneficial for smooth animations and motion, particularly useful in gaming and video playback.

5. Wide Viewing Angles: OLED panels provide consistent color and contrast from wider angles compared to traditional LCDs.

6. Brightness: High-quality OLED displays can achieve higher peak brightness levels than most LCDs, which is great for outdoor visibility.

However, there are trade-offs. For instance, OLED displays may use more power when displaying bright colors because every pixel must generate its own light. Additionally, certain OLED pixels degrade faster than others, especially blue ones, leading to potential burn-in problems over time.

Ongoing research and development strive to resolve these issues while maintaining the advantages offered by these display technologies, such as flexibility, power efficiency, and high contrast. Material advancement in areas like Quantum Dot technology and MicroLEDs promise to bring about further improvements in smartphone displays, combining the best attributes of the current technologies.